Teburin Abubuwan Ciki
- 1. Gabatarwa
- 2. Tsarin da Aka Tsara
- 3. Sakamakon Gwaji
- 4. Bincike na Fasaha
- 5. Aikace-aikace na Gaba
- 6. Bayanan da Aka Ambata
1. Gabatarwa
Intanet na Abubuwa (IoT) ya kawo sauyi mai girma a fannoni daban-daban, ciki har da gidaje masu hikima, birane, da kiwon lafiya. Duk da haka, tsaro, sirri, da kuma kiyaye ingancin bayanai har yanzu suna da manyan kalubale. Fasahar Blockchain tana ba da mafita mai rarrabewa don kafa aminci tsakanin ƙungiyoyin IoT da ba su dogara ga ɓangare na uku ba. Wannan takarda tana ba da shawarar tsarin blockchain mai sauƙi wanda aka keɓance don aikace-aikacen IoT, musamman a cikin sarkokin abinci, yana magance iyakoki kamar buƙatun lissafi masu yawa da jinkiri.
2. Tsarin da Aka Tsara
Tsarin ya haɗa blockchain tare da na'urorin IoT, yana amfani da oracle da kwangiloli masu hikima don tabbatar da ingancin bayanai da samun dama. Yana mai da hankali kan shawo kan ƙuntatawa na albarkatun na'urorin IoT yayin da ake kiyaye tsaro da bayyani.
2.1 Ƙa'idar Rikon Amana Mai Sauƙi don IoT (LC4IoT)
An ƙera LC4IoT don rage ƙarfin lissafi da buƙatun ajiya. Ba kamar hanyoyin yarjejeniya na gargajiya irin su Hujjar Aiki (PoW) ba, waɗanda ke da ƙarfin kuzari, LC4IoT tana amfani da hanya mai sauƙi wacce ta dace da na'urorin IoT. Algorithm ɗin yarjejeniya yana tabbatar da yarjejeniya tsakanin nodes tare da ƙaramin jinkiri, yana mai da shi kyakkyawa don aikace-aikacen ainihin lokaci.
2.2 Aiwatar da Kwangiloli Mai Hikima
Kwangiloli masu hikima suna sarrafa kuma aiwatar da yarjejeniyoyi tsakanin masu ruwa da tsaki a cikin sarkar kayan. Misali, a cikin sarkar abinci, kwangilar hikima na iya haifar da biyan kuɗi bayan tabbatar da isar da kaya, yana rage shisshigin hannu da haɓaka inganci.
2.3 Haɗa kai da Oracle
Oracles suna aiki azaman gada tsakanin blockchain da maɓuɓɓukan bayanai na waje, kamar na'urori masu auna firikwensin a duniyar zahiri. Suna tabbatar da ciyar da bayanan ainihin lokaci cikin blockchain, suna tabbatar da cewa kwangilolin hikima suna aiwatarwa bisa ingantaccen bayani da lokaci.
3. Sakamakon Gwaji
An gudanar da manyan simintin gwaji don kimanta LC4IoT. Sakamakon ya nuna gagarumin raguwa a cikin ƙarfin lissafi, amfani da ajiya, da jinkiri idan aka kwatanta da hanyoyin yarjejeniya na gargajiya. Misali, an rage jinkiri da kashi 30%, kuma an rage buƙatun ajiya da kashi 40%, wanda ya sa tsarin ya zama mai yuwuwa ga yanayin IoT masu ƙarancin albarkatu.
4. Bincike na Fasaha
Hankalin Asali: Wannan takarda tana ba da mafita mai ma'ana ga rashin dacewa na asali tsakanin tsarin blockchain mai nauyin albarkatu da na'urorin IoT masu sauƙi. Yarjejeniyar LC4IoT ba wani algorithm kawai bace—ta zama dole ce ta ci gaba don turawar blockchain a duniyar zahiri a cikin ƙuntatawa.
Matsala-Mafita: Tsarin yana bin madaidaicin hanyar matsala-mafita: gano iyakokin IoT → ƙirar yarjejeniya mai sauƙi → haɗa oracle don bayanan duniyar zahiri → aiwatar da kwangiloli masu hikima don sarrafa kai → tabbatarwa ta hanyar simintin gwaji. Wannan ci gaba na ma'ana yayi daidai da nasarar shigar da masana'antu da aka gani a wasu fannoni kamar ci gaban CycleGAN don ayyukan fassarar hoto.
Ƙarfi & Kurakurai: Babban ƙarfi yana cikin magance duk mahimman abubuwa guda huɗu (buɗe ido, yarjejeniya mai sauƙi, kwangiloli masu hikima, oracle) a lokaci guda—wani abu da yawancin ayyukan da suka gabata suka kasa cimma. Duk da haka, takardar ta gaza akan cikakken binciken tsaro game da hare-hare na musamman kuma bai isa ba don magance haɓakawa fiye da amfani da sarkar abinci. Idan aka kwatanta da tsarin modular na Hyperledger Fabric, wannan hanyar tana ba da mafi kyawun haɗin kai na IoT amma yuwuwar ƙarancin fasalin matakin kamfani.
Shawarwari Masu Aiki: Kamfanonin sarkar kayan su yi gwaji da wannan tsarin don aikace-aikacen bin diddigin kayan nan da nan. Yarjejeniyar LC4IoT za a iya daidaita ta don wasu fannonin IoT kamar birane masu hikima. Masu bincike ya kamata su mai da hankali kan haɓaka fasalolin tsaro da bincika dacewar tsakanin sarkoki. Tushen lissafi $C = \sum_{i=1}^{n} w_i \cdot v_i$ inda $C$ shine nauyin yarjejeniya, $w_i$ yana wakiltar nauyin nodes, kuma $v_i$ yana wakiltar kuri'u, yana ba da ingantaccen tushe don ƙarin ingantawa.
5. Aikace-aikace na Gaba
Za a iya ƙaddamar da tsarin da aka tsara zuwa fannoni daban-daban bayan sarkokin abinci, kamar magunguna, motoci, da noma. Aikin gaba zai iya bincika haɗin kai tare da AI don hasashen lissafi da haɓaka yanke shawara. Bugu da ƙari, haɗin kai tare da wasu dandamali da ma'auni na blockchain zai zama mahimmanci don yaɗuwa.
6. Bayanan da Aka Ambata
- Moudoud, H., Cherkaoui, S., & Khoukhi, L. (2021). Tsarin Blockchain na IoT Ta Amfani da Oracle da Kwangiloli Mai Hikima. IEEE.
- Zhu, J.-Y., Park, T., Isola, P., & Efros, A. A. (2017). Fassarar Hotuna-Masu-Biyu Ba a Haɗa su ba ta Amfani da Cibiyoyin Adawa na Ci gaba. IEEE.
- Androulaki, E., da sauransu. (2018). Hyperledger Fabric: Tsarin Aiki mai Rarrabewa don Blockchains masu Izini. EuroSys.
- Gartner. (2022). Jagorar Kasuwar Blockchain a cikin Sarkar Kaya.